PyTorch Implementation of Daft-Exprt: Robust Prosody Transfer Across Speakers for Expressive Speech Synthesis

Overview

Daft-Exprt - PyTorch Implementation

PyTorch Implementation of Daft-Exprt: Robust Prosody Transfer Across Speakers for Expressive Speech Synthesis

The validation logs up to 70K of synthesized mel and alignment are shown below (VCTK_val_p237-088).

Quickstart

DATASET refers to the names of datasets such as VCTK in the following documents.

Dependencies

You can install the Python dependencies with

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Also, Dockerfile is provided for Docker users.

Inference

You have to download the pretrained models and put them in output/ckpt/DATASET/.

For a multi-speaker TTS, run

python3 synthesize.py --text "YOUR_DESIRED_TEXT" --speaker_id SPEAKER_ID --restore_step RESTORE_STEP --mode single --dataset DATASET --ref_audio REF_AUDIO

to synthesize speech with the style of input audio at REF_AUDIO. The dictionary of learned speakers can be found at preprocessed_data/VCTK/speakers.json, and the generated utterances will be put in output/result/.

Batch Inference

Batch inference is also supported, try

python3 synthesize.py --source preprocessed_data/DATASET/val.txt --restore_step RESTORE_STEP --mode batch --dataset DATASET

to synthesize all utterances consuming themselves as a reference audio in preprocessed_data/DATASET/val.txt.

Controllability

The pitch/volume/speaking rate of the synthesized utterances can be controlled by specifying the desired pitch/energy/duration ratios. For example, one can increase the speaking rate by 20 % and decrease the volume by 20 % by

python3 synthesize.py --text "YOUR_DESIRED_TEXT" --speaker_id SPEAKER_ID --restore_step RESTORE_STEP --mode single --dataset DATASET --ref_audio REF_AUDIO --duration_control 0.8 --energy_control 0.8

Training

Datasets

The supported datasets are

  • VCTK: The CSTR VCTK Corpus includes speech data uttered by 110 English speakers (multi-speaker TTS) with various accents. Each speaker reads out about 400 sentences, which were selected from a newspaper, the rainbow passage and an elicitation paragraph used for the speech accent archive.
  • Any of multi-speaker TTS dataset (e.g., LibriTTS) can be added following VCTK.

Preprocessing

  • For a multi-speaker TTS with external speaker embedder, download ResCNN Softmax+Triplet pretrained model of philipperemy's DeepSpeaker for the speaker embedding and locate it in ./deepspeaker/pretrained_models/.

  • Run

    python3 prepare_align.py --dataset DATASET
    

    for some preparations.

    For the forced alignment, Montreal Forced Aligner (MFA) is used to obtain the alignments between the utterances and the phoneme sequences. Pre-extracted alignments for the datasets are provided here. You have to unzip the files in preprocessed_data/DATASET/TextGrid/. Alternately, you can run the aligner by yourself.

    After that, run the preprocessing script by

    python3 preprocess.py --dataset DATASET
    

Training

Train your model with

python3 train.py --dataset DATASET

TensorBoard

Use

tensorboard --logdir output/log

to serve TensorBoard on your localhost. The loss curves, synthesized mel-spectrograms, and audios are shown.

Implementation Issues

  • RangeParameterPredictor is built with BiLSTM rather than a single linear layer with softplus() activation (it is however implemented and named as 'range_param_predictor_paper' in GaussianUpsampling).
  • Use 32 batch size instead of 48 due to memory issues.
  • Use log duration instead of normal duration.
  • Follow FastSpeech2 for the preprocess of pitch and energy.
  • Two options for embedding for the multi-speaker TTS setting: training speaker embedder from scratch or using a pre-trained philipperemy's DeepSpeaker model (as STYLER did). You can toggle it by setting the config (between 'none' and 'DeepSpeaker').
  • DeepSpeaker on VCTK dataset shows clear identification among speakers. The following figure shows the T-SNE plot of extracted speaker embedding.

  • For vocoder, HiFi-GAN and MelGAN are supported.

Citation

@misc{lee2021daft_exprt,
  author = {Lee, Keon},
  title = {Daft-Exprt},
  year = {2021},
  publisher = {GitHub},
  journal = {GitHub repository},
  howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/keonlee9420/Daft-Exprt}}
}

References

Comments
  • Is the pretrained model correct?

    Is the pretrained model correct?

    I've downloaded the file @ https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1rmeW24lrCg_qwPkVI0D4bRNq4HSv_4rE but can't manage to get the model to load, on either the master branch or the v1.0.0 zip file.

    I get the following error on v1.0.0

    Unexpected key(s) in state_dict: "speaker_emb.bias".
            size mismatch for speaker_emb.weight: copying a param with shape torch.Size([128, 512]) from checkpoint, the shape in current model is torch.Size([1, 128]).
    

    or master:

    RuntimeError: Error(s) in loading state_dict for DaftExprt:
            size mismatch for speaker_emb.weight: copying a param with shape torch.Size([128, 512]) from checkpoint, the shape in current model is torch.Size([5, 128]).
    

    (both with speaker embedding set to "none", with DeepSpeaker I get a different error during preprocessing). Both errors suggest the model is expecting a speaker embedding of size 128, but it's loading an embedding of size 512 (ignoring the first dim n_speakers, I can fix that if needed).

    opened by nmfisher 5
  • FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: './preprocessed_data/VCTK/spker_embed/p317-spker_embed.npy'

    FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: './preprocessed_data/VCTK/spker_embed/p317-spker_embed.npy'

    Method to Reproduce Error: python3 synthesize.py --text "YOUR_DESIRED_TEXT" --restore_step 900000 --mode single --dataset VCTK --ref_audio ../my-voice-analysis/record.wav --speaker_id p317

    Error: FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: './preprocessed_data/VCTK/spker_embed/p317-spker_embed.npy'

    opened by anish-rajan 2
  • Unseen Speaker Synthesis

    Unseen Speaker Synthesis

    Hello! Would you be able to synthesize speech using speakers not used during the training? ie. load the unseen speaker's embeddings during inference

    I think by changing this particular line in synthesize.py:

    spker_embeds = np.load(os.path.join(
                preprocess_config["path"]["preprocessed_path"],
                "spker_embed",
                "{}-spker_embed.npy".format(args.speaker_id),
            )) if load_spker_embed else None
    

    However, I'm not sure if it is wise to do this and would result to poor quality. Have you tried doing this?

    opened by migi-gon 2
  • Error when inference

    Error when inference

    Hello! Thanks for the amazing work! I'm meeting something wrong when inference:

    FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: './preprocessed_data/VCTK/spker_embed/p317-spker_embed.npy'
    

    What am I missing? Thanks!

    opened by godspirit00 2
  • Question about film?

    Question about film?

    https://github.com/keonlee9420/Daft-Exprt/blob/e8e7a646c73e45332004c570df1f2c367698e42a/model/blocks.py#L62

    this should be gammas * x + betas, right?

    according to https://github.com/ethanjperez/film/blob/fe43ddf8a22b339dcca2efa07091ce9d498955cf/vr/models/filmed_net.py#L26

    one more, do u have some style changed samples?

    opened by azraelkuan 2
  • Bump tensorflow from 2.5.0 to 2.5.1

    Bump tensorflow from 2.5.0 to 2.5.1

    Bumps tensorflow from 2.5.0 to 2.5.1.

    Release notes

    Sourced from tensorflow's releases.

    TensorFlow 2.5.1

    Release 2.5.1

    This release introduces several vulnerability fixes:

    • Fixes a heap out of bounds access in sparse reduction operations (CVE-2021-37635)
    • Fixes a floating point exception in SparseDenseCwiseDiv (CVE-2021-37636)
    • Fixes a null pointer dereference in CompressElement (CVE-2021-37637)
    • Fixes a null pointer dereference in RaggedTensorToTensor (CVE-2021-37638)
    • Fixes a null pointer dereference and a heap OOB read arising from operations restoring tensors (CVE-2021-37639)
    • Fixes an integer division by 0 in sparse reshaping (CVE-2021-37640)
    • Fixes a division by 0 in ResourceScatterDiv (CVE-2021-37642)
    • Fixes a heap OOB in RaggedGather (CVE-2021-37641)
    • Fixes a std::abort raised from TensorListReserve (CVE-2021-37644)
    • Fixes a null pointer dereference in MatrixDiagPartOp (CVE-2021-37643)
    • Fixes an integer overflow due to conversion to unsigned (CVE-2021-37645)
    • Fixes a bad allocation error in StringNGrams caused by integer conversion (CVE-2021-37646)
    • Fixes a null pointer dereference in SparseTensorSliceDataset (CVE-2021-37647)
    • Fixes an incorrect validation of SaveV2 inputs (CVE-2021-37648)
    • Fixes a null pointer dereference in UncompressElement (CVE-2021-37649)
    • Fixes a segfault and a heap buffer overflow in {Experimental,}DatasetToTFRecord (CVE-2021-37650)
    • Fixes a heap buffer overflow in FractionalAvgPoolGrad (CVE-2021-37651)
    • Fixes a use after free in boosted trees creation (CVE-2021-37652)
    • Fixes a division by 0 in ResourceGather (CVE-2021-37653)
    • Fixes a heap OOB and a CHECK fail in ResourceGather (CVE-2021-37654)
    • Fixes a heap OOB in ResourceScatterUpdate (CVE-2021-37655)
    • Fixes an undefined behavior arising from reference binding to nullptr in RaggedTensorToSparse (CVE-2021-37656)
    • Fixes an undefined behavior arising from reference binding to nullptr in MatrixDiagV* ops (CVE-2021-37657)
    • Fixes an undefined behavior arising from reference binding to nullptr in MatrixSetDiagV* ops (CVE-2021-37658)
    • Fixes an undefined behavior arising from reference binding to nullptr and heap OOB in binary cwise ops (CVE-2021-37659)
    • Fixes a division by 0 in inplace operations (CVE-2021-37660)
    • Fixes a crash caused by integer conversion to unsigned (CVE-2021-37661)
    • Fixes an undefined behavior arising from reference binding to nullptr in boosted trees (CVE-2021-37662)
    • Fixes a heap OOB in boosted trees (CVE-2021-37664)
    • Fixes vulnerabilities arising from incomplete validation in QuantizeV2 (CVE-2021-37663)
    • Fixes vulnerabilities arising from incomplete validation in MKL requantization (CVE-2021-37665)
    • Fixes an undefined behavior arising from reference binding to nullptr in RaggedTensorToVariant (CVE-2021-37666)
    • Fixes an undefined behavior arising from reference binding to nullptr in unicode encoding (CVE-2021-37667)
    • Fixes an FPE in tf.raw_ops.UnravelIndex (CVE-2021-37668)
    • Fixes a crash in NMS ops caused by integer conversion to unsigned (CVE-2021-37669)
    • Fixes a heap OOB in UpperBound and LowerBound (CVE-2021-37670)
    • Fixes an undefined behavior arising from reference binding to nullptr in map operations (CVE-2021-37671)
    • Fixes a heap OOB in SdcaOptimizerV2 (CVE-2021-37672)
    • Fixes a CHECK-fail in MapStage (CVE-2021-37673)
    • Fixes a vulnerability arising from incomplete validation in MaxPoolGrad (CVE-2021-37674)
    • Fixes an undefined behavior arising from reference binding to nullptr in shape inference (CVE-2021-37676)
    • Fixes a division by 0 in most convolution operators (CVE-2021-37675)
    • Fixes vulnerabilities arising from missing validation in shape inference for Dequantize (CVE-2021-37677)
    • Fixes an arbitrary code execution due to YAML deserialization (CVE-2021-37678)
    • Fixes a heap OOB in nested tf.map_fn with RaggedTensors (CVE-2021-37679)

    ... (truncated)

    Changelog

    Sourced from tensorflow's changelog.

    Release 2.5.1

    This release introduces several vulnerability fixes:

    • Fixes a heap out of bounds access in sparse reduction operations (CVE-2021-37635)
    • Fixes a floating point exception in SparseDenseCwiseDiv (CVE-2021-37636)
    • Fixes a null pointer dereference in CompressElement (CVE-2021-37637)
    • Fixes a null pointer dereference in RaggedTensorToTensor (CVE-2021-37638)
    • Fixes a null pointer dereference and a heap OOB read arising from operations restoring tensors (CVE-2021-37639)
    • Fixes an integer division by 0 in sparse reshaping (CVE-2021-37640)
    • Fixes a division by 0 in ResourceScatterDiv (CVE-2021-37642)
    • Fixes a heap OOB in RaggedGather (CVE-2021-37641)
    • Fixes a std::abort raised from TensorListReserve (CVE-2021-37644)
    • Fixes a null pointer dereference in MatrixDiagPartOp (CVE-2021-37643)
    • Fixes an integer overflow due to conversion to unsigned (CVE-2021-37645)
    • Fixes a bad allocation error in StringNGrams caused by integer conversion (CVE-2021-37646)
    • Fixes a null pointer dereference in SparseTensorSliceDataset (CVE-2021-37647)
    • Fixes an incorrect validation of SaveV2 inputs (CVE-2021-37648)
    • Fixes a null pointer dereference in UncompressElement (CVE-2021-37649)
    • Fixes a segfault and a heap buffer overflow in {Experimental,}DatasetToTFRecord (CVE-2021-37650)
    • Fixes a heap buffer overflow in FractionalAvgPoolGrad (CVE-2021-37651)
    • Fixes a use after free in boosted trees creation (CVE-2021-37652)
    • Fixes a division by 0 in ResourceGather (CVE-2021-37653)
    • Fixes a heap OOB and a CHECK fail in ResourceGather (CVE-2021-37654)
    • Fixes a heap OOB in ResourceScatterUpdate (CVE-2021-37655)
    • Fixes an undefined behavior arising from reference binding to nullptr in RaggedTensorToSparse

    ... (truncated)

    Commits
    • 8222c1c Merge pull request #51381 from tensorflow/mm-fix-r2.5-build
    • d584260 Disable broken/flaky test
    • f6c6ce3 Merge pull request #51367 from tensorflow-jenkins/version-numbers-2.5.1-17468
    • 3ca7812 Update version numbers to 2.5.1
    • 4fdf683 Merge pull request #51361 from tensorflow/mm-update-relnotes-on-r2.5
    • 05fc01a Put CVE numbers for fixes in parentheses
    • bee1dc4 Update release notes for the new patch release
    • 47beb4c Merge pull request #50597 from kruglov-dmitry/v2.5.0-sync-abseil-cmake-bazel
    • 6f39597 Merge pull request #49383 from ashahab/abin-load-segfault-r2.5
    • 0539b34 Merge pull request #48979 from liufengdb/r2.5-cherrypick
    • Additional commits viewable in compare view

    Dependabot compatibility score

    Dependabot will resolve any conflicts with this PR as long as you don't alter it yourself. You can also trigger a rebase manually by commenting @dependabot rebase.


    Dependabot commands and options

    You can trigger Dependabot actions by commenting on this PR:

    • @dependabot rebase will rebase this PR
    • @dependabot recreate will recreate this PR, overwriting any edits that have been made to it
    • @dependabot merge will merge this PR after your CI passes on it
    • @dependabot squash and merge will squash and merge this PR after your CI passes on it
    • @dependabot cancel merge will cancel a previously requested merge and block automerging
    • @dependabot reopen will reopen this PR if it is closed
    • @dependabot close will close this PR and stop Dependabot recreating it. You can achieve the same result by closing it manually
    • @dependabot ignore this major version will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this major version (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
    • @dependabot ignore this minor version will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this minor version (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
    • @dependabot ignore this dependency will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this dependency (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
    • @dependabot use these labels will set the current labels as the default for future PRs for this repo and language
    • @dependabot use these reviewers will set the current reviewers as the default for future PRs for this repo and language
    • @dependabot use these assignees will set the current assignees as the default for future PRs for this repo and language
    • @dependabot use this milestone will set the current milestone as the default for future PRs for this repo and language

    You can disable automated security fix PRs for this repo from the Security Alerts page.

    dependencies 
    opened by dependabot[bot] 0
  • Single Speaker TTS

    Single Speaker TTS

    How to perform prosody transfer for single speaker? What value should be given in speaker id, Is any change required in the config file. Can an example be given for the same.

    opened by anupama-deo 0
  • RuntimeError: The size of tensor a (65) must match the size of tensor b (10) at non-singleton dimension 1

    RuntimeError: The size of tensor a (65) must match the size of tensor b (10) at non-singleton dimension 1

    hello I want to train the model using python train.py --dataset VCTK command but i faced following error:

    Number of Daft-Exprt Parameters: 20603604
    Removing weight norm...
    Training:   0%|                                                                                                                | 0/900000 [00:00<?, ?it/s
    Traceback (most recent call last):                                                                                                 | 0/674 [00:00<?, ?it/s]
      File "train.py", line 190, in <module>
        main(args, configs)
      File "train.py", line 85, in main
        output = model(*(batch[2:]))
      File "/home/prosody_control/daftenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 727, in _call_impl
        result = self.forward(*input, **kwargs)
      File "/home/prosody_control/daftenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/torch/nn/parallel/data_parallel.py", line 161, in forward
        outputs = self.parallel_apply(replicas, inputs, kwargs)
      File "/home/prosody_control/daftenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/torch/nn/parallel/data_parallel.py", line 171, in parallel_apply
        return parallel_apply(replicas, inputs, kwargs, self.device_ids[:len(replicas)])
      File "/home/prosody_control/daftenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/torch/nn/parallel/parallel_apply.py", line 86, in parallel_apply
        output.reraise()
      File "/home/prosody_control/daftenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/torch/_utils.py", line 428, in reraise
        raise self.exc_type(msg)
    RuntimeError: Caught RuntimeError in replica 0 on device 0.
    Original Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/home/prosody_control/daftenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/torch/nn/parallel/parallel_apply.py", line 61, in _worker
        output = module(*input, **kwargs)
      File "/home/prosody_control/daftenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 727, in _call_impl
        result = self.forward(*input, **kwargs)
      File "/home/prosody_control/Daft-Exprt-main/model/DaftExprt.py", line 98, in forward
        p_control, e_control, d_control, src_masks, ref_mel_lens, ref_max_mel_len, ref_mel_masks, src_lens
      File "/home/prosody_control/daftenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 727, in _call_impl
        result = self.forward(*input, **kwargs)
      File "/home/prosody_control/Daft-Exprt-main/model/modules.py", line 539, in forward
        s_input = p_embed + e_embed + d_embed + encoder_outputs
    RuntimeError: The size of tensor a (65) must match the size of tensor b (10) at non-singleton dimension 1
    
    Training:   0%|                                                                                                   | 1/900000 [00:04<1071:57:08,  4.29s/it]
    Epoch 1:   0%|                                                                                                                    | 0/674 [00:04<?, ?it/s]```
    opened by niasalva 0
Releases(v1.0.1)
Owner
Keon Lee
Expressive Speech Synthesis | Conversational AI | Open-domain Dialog | NLP | Generative Models | Empathic Computing | HCI
Keon Lee
This repository contains the code for the paper ``Identifiable VAEs via Sparse Decoding''.

Sparse VAE This repository contains the code for the paper ``Identifiable VAEs via Sparse Decoding''. Data Sources The datasets used in this paper wer

Gemma Moran 17 Dec 12, 2022
An end-to-end machine learning library to directly optimize AUC loss

LibAUC An end-to-end machine learning library for AUC optimization. Why LibAUC? Deep AUC Maximization (DAM) is a paradigm for learning a deep neural n

Andrew 75 Dec 12, 2022
PyTorch/TorchScript compiler for NVIDIA GPUs using TensorRT

PyTorch/TorchScript compiler for NVIDIA GPUs using TensorRT

NVIDIA Corporation 1.8k Dec 30, 2022
An algorithm that handles large-scale aerial photo co-registration, based on SURF, RANSAC and PyTorch autograd.

An algorithm that handles large-scale aerial photo co-registration, based on SURF, RANSAC and PyTorch autograd.

Luna Yue Huang 41 Oct 29, 2022
Binary Stochastic Neurons in PyTorch

Binary Stochastic Neurons in PyTorch http://r2rt.com/binary-stochastic-neurons-in-tensorflow.html https://github.com/pytorch/examples/tree/master/mnis

Onur Kaplan 54 Nov 21, 2022
A JAX implementation of Broaden Your Views for Self-Supervised Video Learning, or BraVe for short.

BraVe This is a JAX implementation of Broaden Your Views for Self-Supervised Video Learning, or BraVe for short. The model provided in this package wa

DeepMind 44 Nov 20, 2022
The repo of the preprinting paper "Labels Are Not Perfect: Inferring Spatial Uncertainty in Object Detection"

Inferring Spatial Uncertainty in Object Detection A teaser version of the code for the paper Labels Are Not Perfect: Inferring Spatial Uncertainty in

ZINING WANG 21 Mar 03, 2022
Source code and notebooks to reproduce experiments and benchmarks on Bias Faces in the Wild (BFW).

Face Recognition: Too Bias, or Not Too Bias? Robinson, Joseph P., Gennady Livitz, Yann Henon, Can Qin, Yun Fu, and Samson Timoner. "Face recognition:

Joseph P. Robinson 41 Dec 12, 2022
TSP: Temporally-Sensitive Pretraining of Video Encoders for Localization Tasks

TSP: Temporally-Sensitive Pretraining of Video Encoders for Localization Tasks [Paper] [Project Website] This repository holds the source code, pretra

Humam Alwassel 83 Dec 21, 2022
Internship Assessment Task for BaggageAI.

BaggageAI Internship Task Problem Statement: You are given two sets of images:- background and threat objects. Background images are the background x-

Arya Shah 10 Nov 14, 2022
JAXDL: JAX (Flax) Deep Learning Library

JAXDL: JAX (Flax) Deep Learning Library Simple and clean JAX/Flax deep learning algorithm implementations: Soft-Actor-Critic (arXiv:1812.05905) Transf

Patrick Hart 4 Nov 27, 2022
Raster Vision is an open source Python framework for building computer vision models on satellite, aerial, and other large imagery sets

Raster Vision is an open source Python framework for building computer vision models on satellite, aerial, and other large imagery sets (including obl

Azavea 1.7k Dec 22, 2022
Meta-learning for NLP

Self-Supervised Meta-Learning for Few-Shot Natural Language Classification Tasks Code for training the meta-learning models and fine-tuning on downstr

IESL 43 Nov 08, 2022
Cervix ROI Segmentation Using U-NET

Cervix ROI Segmentation Using U-NET Overview This code illustrate how to segment the ROI in cervical images using U-NET. The ROI here meant to include

Scotty Kwok 35 Sep 14, 2022
Code for the USENIX 2017 paper: kAFL: Hardware-Assisted Feedback Fuzzing for OS Kernels

kAFL: Hardware-Assisted Feedback Fuzzing for OS Kernels Blazing fast x86-64 VM kernel fuzzing framework with performant VM reloads for Linux, MacOS an

Chair for Sys­tems Se­cu­ri­ty 541 Nov 27, 2022
Unsupervised Feature Ranking via Attribute Networks.

FRANe Unsupervised Feature Ranking via Attribute Networks (FRANe) converts a dataset into a network (graph) with nodes that correspond to the features

7 Sep 29, 2022
A Haskell kernel for IPython.

IHaskell You can now try IHaskell directly in your browser at CoCalc or mybinder.org. Alternatively, watch a talk and demo showing off IHaskell featur

Andrew Gibiansky 2.4k Dec 29, 2022
An efficient and effective learning to rank algorithm by mining information across ranking candidates. This repository contains the tensorflow implementation of SERank model. The code is developed based on TF-Ranking.

SERank An efficient and effective learning to rank algorithm by mining information across ranking candidates. This repository contains the tensorflow

Zhihu 44 Oct 20, 2022
ParmeSan: Sanitizer-guided Greybox Fuzzing

ParmeSan: Sanitizer-guided Greybox Fuzzing ParmeSan is a sanitizer-guided greybox fuzzer based on Angora. Published Work USENIX Security 2020: ParmeSa

VUSec 158 Dec 31, 2022